For 2G mode RSSI is the only measure and we can generate 0-5 bar signal indication based on RSSI in the -115dBm to -40dBm range (no signal to very strong)
For LTE and NB-IoT there are many measures (RSSI, RSRP, SINR, RSRQ).
<lte_rssi> <lte_rsrp> <lte_sinr> <lte_rsrq>
+QCSQ: “CAT-M1”,-55,-80,146,-8
I suspect RSRQ is the best single indicator for CAT-M and NBIoT signal quality, since it’s based on signal, noise and interference.
https://www.digi.com/support/knowledge-base/understanding-lte-signal-strength-values
Would appreciate feedback if I am correct or not.